After a baby is born, Armenian mothers like Inga, who is eight months pregnant, will not take their baby out of the house for the first 40 days. Family members and friends come to visit. After that, the child is typically brought to church for the priest’s blessing. Only 19% of women use modern contraception and 9% participate in national government but on the flip side, Armenia exhibits strong health and education indicators, placing it at 73 in the Mother’s Index.
While Russia has generous state maternity benefits and leave (over six months at 100% pay), the country is suffering from an underpopulation crisis. This has prompted Russian President Medvedev to increase regulations over abortion. Russia has one of the world’s highest abortion rates, with 1.714 million births in 2008 and 1.234 million abortions. Russia comes in at 38 on the Mother’s Index.
The Netherlands has the highest rate of home births in the Western world with about one-third of babies born at home. Built into the Dutch system is the kraamzorg, a nurse service where a visiting nurse comes to the house for the first seven to ten days after birth to help take care of mother and child. It is no wonder the Netherlands is one of the top ten countries in the world to be a mother, ranking 9th in the Mother’s Index. Also contributing to the ranking are high scores in health, education (17 average years of schooling for females) and women’s political participation in national government (39%), as well as fully paid maternity leave.
Kumba stands in the doorway of her home in one of the most dangerous places in the world to be pregnant, due to a protracted civil war that damaged Liberia’s health infrastructure. There are only 400 trained midwives in a country with a population of 3.5 million. Women in Liberia share very little information about their pregnancy with others, as a way to protect themselves from evil spirits or spells. Many superstitions surround pregnancy, including avoiding the ingestion of sheep meat, which is believed to cause a breech baby. A mother’s chance of dying in childbirth are 1 in 20, placing Liberia at 144 in the Mother’s Index.
Serbia has one of the lowest birth rates in Europe. One married couple in Serbia has 0.81 children on average, and to renew the population, at least four children per family is recommended. With generous maternity benefits of one year at 100% pay, Serbia ranks 37 in the Mother’s Index. The featured mother-to-be is the artist of the painting behind her.
Baby showers were once traditionally taboo among Israeli Jews, as gifts were thought to draw the attention of dark spirits, although attitudes have been changing. Jewish law does not forbid gifts for an unborn child, but custom effectively prohibits them. Many Orthodox Jews will not utter the name of a baby until the baby is born, for fear of inviting the evil eye. Israel is not listed in the Mother’s Index.
Friends for many years, the two women in this photo were in Thailand celebrating the wedding of the woman on the left, Alana. Five months pregnant, Alana is Australian and lives in Melbourne with her Uruguayan husband, Jose. The woman on the right is Susan, a British woman from London, married to a caucasian husband Jerome. The women met in Amsterdam. Although the babies’ due dates were four weeks apart, Caesar and Levi were born, in London and Melbourne respectively, on exactly the same day, February 11, 2011.
Seven months pregnant, Rebecca is among the 3% of American mothers who will give birth to twins (out of more than four million babies born in the U.S. each year). The U.S. has the poorest maternity leave benefits–both in terms of duration and percentage of wages paid–of any wealthy country, with all 43 of the developed countries (tier 1) boasting better maternity laws. The U.S. ranks 31 in the Mother’s Index.
Midwives perform approximately 40% of deliveries in Indonesia. After birth, the umbilical cord is often buried with a coconut, palm or avocado sapling, and the tree’s health is said to depend on that of the baby. 75% of Indonesian births are attended by a skilled health professional, and 57% of women use modern contraception–placing Indonesia at 98 on the Mother’s Index.
